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Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 78
RAID 5 Arrays
A RAID 5 array is built from a minimum of three disk drives, and uses data striping and parity
data to provide redundancy. Parity data provides data protection, and striping improves
performance.
Parity data is an error-correcting redundancy that’s used to re-create data if a disk drive fails.
In RAID 5 arrays, parity data (represented by Ps in the next figure) is striped evenly across the
disk drives with the stored data.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an
array with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can contain 750 GB of stored
data and 250 GB of parity data, as shown in this figure.
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
1 4 ... P
2 5 ... 748
3 P ... 749
P 6 ... 750
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive RAID 5 Logical Drive = 750 GB plus Parity
Unused Space = 150 GB
- Installation and User’s Guide 1
- Copyright 2
- Trademarks 2
- Disclaimer 2
- Adaptec Customer Support 3
- Canadian Compliance Statement 5
- Contents 6
- Safety Information 10
- Technical Specifications 10
- About This Guide 11
- How to Find More Information 12
- Kit Contents and System 13
- Requirements 13
- Kit Contents 14
- About Your RAID Controller 15
- Array-level Features 16
- 5445/Adaptec RAID 5805/5805Q/ 17
- Adaptec Battery Module 800 17
- Adaptec Battery Module 800T 17
- About the Adaptec RAID 5085 18
- About the Adaptec RAID 5405 19
- About the Adaptec RAID 5445 20
- About the Adaptec RAID 51245 22
- About the Adaptec RAID 51645 23
- About the Adaptec RAID 52445 24
- About the Adaptec RAID 5405Z 25
- About the Adaptec RAID 5445Z 26
- About the Adaptec RAID 2045 28
- Adaptec RAID 2405/2405Q 29
- Getting Started 30
- Choosing a RAID Level 31
- Disk Drives 32
- Installation Options 33
- Basic Installation Steps 34
- In this chapter 35
- Installing the Controller 36
- RAID controllers 41
- Connecting External Devices 42
- Next Steps 42
- Creating a Bootable Array 43
- Setting the Boot Controller 44
- Creating an Array 44
- Making Your Array Bootable 47
- Installing the Driver and an 48
- Operating System 48
- Creating a Driver Disk 49
- Installing with Windows 50
- Installing with Red Hat Linux 51
- Installing with SUSE Linux 51
- Installing with OpenServer 51
- Installing with UnixWare 52
- Installing with Solaris 52
- Installing with VMware 53
- Installing with FreeBSD 53
- Installing on Windows 56
- Installing on OpenServer 57
- Installing on UnixWare 57
- Installing on Solaris 57
- Installing on VMware 58
- Installing on FreeBSD 58
- Managing Your Storage Space 59
- About Adaptec Storage Manager 60
- Which Utility Should I Use? 61
- Solving Problems 62
- Failed Device is faulty On 63
- Other No error Off 63
- Resetting the Controller 65
- Introduction to SAS 67
- What is SAS? 68
- What’s a Phy? 69
- What’s a SAS Port? 70
- What’s a SAS Address? 70
- What’s a SAS Connector? 70
- What do SAS Cables Look Like? 70
- Direct-attach Connections 71
- Backplane Connections 71
- SAS Expander Connections 72
- Understanding RAID 74
- Understanding Drive Segments 75
- Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0) 75
- RAID 1 Arrays 76
- RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays 76
- RAID 10 Arrays 77
- RAID 5 Arrays 78
- RAID 5EE Arrays 79
- RAID 50 Arrays 80
- RAID 6 Arrays 81
- RAID 60 Arrays 81
- Selecting the Best RAID Level 82
- Using the Adaptec RAID 83
- Configuration Utility 83
- Running the ARC Utility 84
- Managing Existing Arrays 85
- Initializing Disk Drives 86
- Rescanning Disk Drives 86
- Secure Erasing Disk Drives 87
- Managing Global Hot Spares 87
- Creating a New JBOD 87
- Managing Existing JBODs 88
- Opening SerialSelect 89
- Applying Changes and Exiting 89
- Power Management Settings 90
- Locating Disk Drives 91
- Identifying Disk Drives 92
- Viewing the Event Log 93
- In this appendix 94
- Running the ACU Using Scripts 96
- ACU /R <file> 97
- Required 98
- ? Description 98
- Method=Build 100
- ReadCache=Yes 100
- Size=2.5GB 100
- Size=300MB 100
- Size=Maximum 100
- ACU Error Codes 101
- Sample Scripts 102
- System Requirements 105
- Before You Begin 105
- Running the Menu-based AFU 106
- Running the 107
- Quick Reference 111
- 22-55-2161 112
- Pin Number 112
- Specification 114
- Connector Specification 117
- J5 Pin Number Signal 119
- 2258500-R ASR-51645 RoHS Kit 121
- 2 ACTIVITY LED Cathode 127
- 1 +3.3V LED Anode 127
- 3I2C Clock 127
- 1I2C Data 127
- Environmental Specifications 130
- DC Power Requirements 130
- Current Requirements 130
- Index ● 132 132
- Index ● 133 133
- Index ● 134 134
- Index ● 135 135
- Adaptec, Inc 136
- 691 South Milpitas Boulevard 136
- Milpitas, CA 95035 USA 136
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